A-Z

Experiences of trans and gender diverse young people

Views on improving healthcare

Young people suggested changes they would like to see from healthcare services based on their different experiences. These included:

  • Changing how trans healthcare works
  • Reaching out to the trans community
  • Better communication and inclusive language
  • More resources to improve service provision
  • Decrease in waiting times
  • Better mental health provision
  • Better access to healthcare

Changing how trans healthcare works

Many of the trans and gender diverse young people we interviewed wanted to see changes to how trans healthcare works as a system.

Young people wanted to see fewer barriers to getting the treatment they needed. They wanted the people involved in their care to work in partnership with the young person in partnership (see GIC). Rosa felt ‘that [the] GIDS and the GIC system …is geared towards gatekeeping over actually providing healthcare and I think that’s just incredibly wrong.’ They felt that the current system of healthcare ‘seems to be all coming at it with this attitude of trying to discourage people from getting any further treatment or getting any treatment at all.’

 

Jaz would like trans people to ‘not have to jump through hoops in order to acquire the things that we need’ and ‘healthcare built around trans people’s knowledge.’

Jaz would like trans people to ‘not have to jump through hoops in order to acquire the things that we need’ and ‘healthcare built around trans people’s knowledge.’

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I’d like to see the psychiatrists give up their power over us. I would like to see more trans, I’d like to see healthcare built around trans people’s knowledge and needs of ourselves rather than them just being about having power over us, and us having to jump through hoops in order to acquire the things that we need. I’d like to see more trans people involved in our healthcare, but not necessarily as like psychiatrists, cos we want to abolish psychiatrists, so maybe we don’t want to train as psychiatrists, that wouldn’t be great. Because we’ll be coming to you, and like yeah, it’d be like I generally want to see more just more trans specific services because I want trans services to be like available throughout healthcare services, you know, we need more like easy accessible things, and like I don’t, I feel like there are some things that are really specialist and they’re important, and when it comes to healthcare provisions but also like there’s loads of stuff that could easily be done through a GP, safely and that’d be great. And also like there’s a lot, I think there’s a lot of things about like oh, certain things are irreversible, and like sure, like surgeries maybe are quite, quite invasive and seemingly irreversible, seemingly, I have to say seemingly. But it’s, so much, so many things are like already framed around a fear of doctors getting sued, because, and not about like, and like that is like, I mean like that’s like a comment I’ve heard I think almost like, maybe, like most of the GIC people, people who work for GIC challenge, say, as it’s like are you more worried about that than actually providing the healthcare that people might need. And, but also it’s okay if people change, like if, like trans is about movement, it’s not just from like one direction to another, like it’s okay if, if hormones work for somebody for some part of their life, and then they decide oh maybe I don’t want to take these anymore. Like that’s fine, like, yeah. We just need to like just be facilitating more, a need for more options. Like people need options, people need to see opportunities, like it’s not, not everything is the end of, is like the life or death, like you know you do this and that’s it. It’s, cos it doesn’t work like that.

 

Shash wants to see ‘a primary care model’ of trans healthcare with ‘the eventual goal’ for all GP’s to prescribe.

Shash wants to see ‘a primary care model’ of trans healthcare with ‘the eventual goal’ for all GP’s to prescribe.

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Yeah so the old process was you go to your GP, and they refer you to the community mental health team, they tick you off, and then a funding negotiation basically happens, negotiation, and they say, “Oh we can work, NHS Wales will fund your transition,” and they’ll hand over that money to NHS England, and your care will be taken care of by Charing Cross, and you’ll be put on that waiting list. Now luckily we have a, this is I’m hoping the system, like the rest of the UK will also adopt, because I do think it’s better, especially so you get referred to the Welsh Gender Service, and at the moment there’s only one clinic in [city], the hope is to expand that to different parts of Wales, and they will see you for your initial appointment, essentially. And they’ll talk like, you’ll talk to a not a psych, again there’s no actual psychiatrist or anything like that but it’s just someone who’ll like, and they are trained in the gender stuff, and stuff like that.

 

And there’s, and so there’s no, so your GP can directly refer you, so there’s no like middle person to like negotiate or gate-keep with, and they’ll talk to you and they’ll like they’ll ask you like what kind of care do you want. And essentially and that doesn’t matter if you’re a binary trans person or a non, or a non-binary. So if you, if you have an idea of what care you want, or if you need to be talked through that, like what they can do for you, that is something they can do. Which is much more affirming in care, especially so.

 

Like so the Welsh Gender Service, they don’t, they don’t they can’t refer you to surgery yet, that’s still done via Charing Cross, so but they can do everything but that. They can do a surgery sign-off, so you can get your initial signature, so they’ll like discuss your options, so they’ll be like for, obviously I’ve only experienced the AMAB trans fem route, so it’ll be like, “We’ve got HRT, we’ve got we can refer you to voice therapy, we can obviously get the HRT sorted and we can also think about discussing surgery options in the later appointment when you feel comfortable, or whatever.”

 

And so yeah, and so essentially that’s basically it, and then it gets, goes to primary care, which is where it should be realistically, so they’ll be like, okay we’ve told your GP this is what you need, and so your GP will prescribe it to you and they’ll monitor your bloods and stuff, like that, so you don’t have to travel to the Welsh Gender service again and again, and they’ll be like and at the moment like, so the eventual goal of the system is that all GP’s will be able to prescribe and do it, but some GP’s still don’t feel as comfortable doing it yet.

 

So in the interim, I say interim, I think it may become semi-permanent to an extent, I think it has, there’s a local gender team, and so this is a gender team in each county so like regardless of where you are in Wales there will be a gender team in each county and they will do, they will do the prescriptions and if there’s no nurse that won’t do the jabs in your practice for example, they’ll also do the jabs. They’re like that’s what’s happening to me, so I’m going to the local, I’ll go to the local gender team, and that means especially for people in Wales with terrible travel links especially, like going from North to South and stuff, so if say someone gets referred from the North to the Welsh Gender Service, they may have their initial appointment in [city], but the rest of it will be communicated through the local gender team. So, they’ll just have to see them instead of having to travel.

 

Which it makes sense to do it in a primary care model, and that’s the hope that like, we’re trying to set the standard and we’re trying, I’m in, helping with talk with people like I’m actively been talking with the government and well the group I’m part of, and like we were involved in putting, getting that statement put out by the Welsh government. And we’re hoping, one of the aims for these future meetings too is to expand the service to under 18’s, because at the moment Wales also doesn’t have an under 18 service. They still have to be referred to Tavistock and go through that route. And we’re hoping to make, essentially give what we’ve got the primary care model we’ve got now, and essentially do it for under 18’s too.

Many people said there should be an informed consent model*. This would let young trans and gender diverse people get treatment without having to be seen first by mental health services. Jay felt that ‘the informed consent model would be a lot more effective than what we’ve got right now’. June said he ‘felt a lot of pressure to have all the answers going into any health service…this pressure to have a very cut and dry conception of what my gender was, what trajectory I wanted to take and what services I needed’.

 

June talks about the pressure he feels to have all the answers when accessing gender identity services

June talks about the pressure he feels to have all the answers when accessing gender identity services

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So the thing that really stands out to me is that when I tried to access Trans healthcare services prior to having the conception that I wanted to be a binary Trans man as that was how I identified, I really felt a lot of pressure to have all the answers going into the GP or going into even CliniQ actually, going into any health service I felt this pressure to have a very cut and dry conception of what my gender was and how, what trajectory I wanted to take and what services I needed and whether that was medical or non-medical and I felt like there needs to, it needs to feel safe in order to like for someone to, to not have the answer to any of those questions. And for them to feel like they’re still gonna be held in the same way and receive the same level of service as someone that knows that they wanna medically transition and has like has an idea of like a timeline in terms of like, you know, surgeries. Because I think that yeah I think people who are sort of less sure about these things can kind of get lost on the wayside. And they, yeah and they risk not being able to sort of have the same level of care in services, yeah.

 

Jack wants to ‘abolish gender identity clinics’ and take up and informed consent model of trans healthcare.

Jack wants to ‘abolish gender identity clinics’ and take up and informed consent model of trans healthcare.

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Abolish gender identity clinics, informed consent, hormones for all over 16’s because that’s you know, Gillick competent stuff* and then for potentially for under 16’s on a case by case basis you know, as assessed or as discussed and, you know, found appropriate by their doctors I think is probably the best way forward, I might be, you know, might be happy I could be wrong on that, I don’t know enough about, you know, under 16’s healthcare specifically but I think it’s something that needs to be done, you know, you can’t just blanket say no, none of it, I think it depends on the person it may be appropriate or it may not be appropriate and it depends also on their family and how accepting their family’s going to be. If their family is, you know, unaccepting of this person being Trans it may not be appropriate for them to have hormonal therapy or at that point puberty blockers for example may be appropriate because, you know, you don’t necessarily need to tell your parents or they may not necessarily know. But that’s another kind of issue entirely, but yeah I think maybe informed consent models are good which should definitely be for over 18’s and, you know, or over 16’s and then case by case informed consent for anyone younger that it applies to although again, you know, no-ones saying that seven year olds should be having surgery or hormones, I’m certainly not saying that [laughter]. And just, yeah in general our healthcare providers be more aware and yeah just not these arbitrary gate keeping long windows that are there as a relic of the past essentially.

 

 

*See here for a discussion on this Giordano, S., Garland, F. and Holm, S., 2021. Gender dysphoria in adolescents: can adolescents or parents give valid consent to puberty blockers? Journal of Medical Ethics, 47(5), pp.324-328.

Reaching out to the trans community

Jessica wanted to see a healthcare service that is more ‘people-focused’, working directly with the trans community. Patrick felt that trans healthcare can only be improved ‘by talking to the communities that are accessing the health care’. He thinks healthcare providers should be ‘talking to trans people finding out what they need and like what would be helpful and then actually doing it’. Begam wanted trans healthcare services to understand the needs of trans communities.

 

Anderson thinks a priority in trans healthcare is ‘community outreach’ and putting funding into community projects.

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Anderson thinks a priority in trans healthcare is ‘community outreach’ and putting funding into community projects.

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I would like to see them, I would like to see them incorporating more outreach work, so like what we talked about, like having one on one sessions or group community outreach projects about things that affect people in the areas. If you’re running a charity or an organisation like contacting other local charities that are doing similar work to you, and finding out how they can, how you can engage with them better. I feel like people often go into stuff thinking that they’re the first ones to think of it, and you’re probably not. And there’s probably someone out there who’s done it before you and either has fucked up a little bit and should tell you about that so that you don’t do the same thing, or has done it really well and you should go and learn from them, as to how to do it well too.

And I feel like trans people speaking to healthcare professionals who are going to go and work with other trans people, who are also medical professionals themselves, cos like more often than not the majority of my trans friends either work in counselling, they’re midwives, they’re nurses, they work in third sector jobs, they’re youth workers, social workers, they work with people, they work one on one, it’s all that similar kind of graft. Or they work as carers or you know housekeepers or whatever. They’re already in that space of like doing that kind of care work, it’s almost not even, not even that hard to just shout out to them and engage with them, bring them in. It’s nice to be able to think about like they maybe communicating with how to make the services not just improved, but maybe like how to make them run smoother, because like I said before there are things that are common place to trans people, or common place to people who aren’t in normal society that aren’t to people who are in normal society. Like I guarantee that it wasn’t an able-bodied person who stood up first and was like, “Hey we should have a ramp at the front of our building.” It was someone sat at the bottom of the stairs in their chair going, “This is a sack of shit. Why haven’t you got a bloody ramp? I can’t get into your building.” So, it’s again like us trans people standing at the door, being like, “Excuse me, we need a ramp into your building. Can you build us,” and deal with our accessibility needs, do you know what I mean? Like have options for titles, have a narrative that engages with people about their hormones and their care, have tenderness around this kind of stuff, cos it’s necessary. Yeah, I don’t know. Help them engage.

They can put funding into community projects that are doing stuff, they can look at like, yeah other young, I don’t know, other groups that are doing things that work with those spaces, counselling spaces, acknowledging the need for healthcare in general, like and holistic healthcare, alternative care for people who are alternative. I feel like if you’re gonna deem us as the most like, “We’ve never seen you before, you’re one in a million, oh my God this is the rarest thing ever,” then treat us like we’re diamonds, like we should be treated like such. You know. And given time and energy and space, and resources, in order to find out what can be done to best incorporate us into the world. Cos, yeah, it matters.

 

Theo says healthcare professionals should be aware that ‘gender is fluid’ and ‘all GPs should be aware of trans issues’.

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Theo says healthcare professionals should be aware that ‘gender is fluid’ and ‘all GPs should be aware of trans issues’.

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Acknowledge that gender is fluid and so a trans man can wear a dress if he wants to and then not all trans women have to wear dresses, ‘cos not all cis women wear dresses. And also that the Gender Recognition Certificate that should, the way the panel, the way the obtaining it, you have to go through a panel of people who have never met you, that shouldn’t be, that shouldn’t happen. It should self-identification and there should be a third option on a passport where’s it an X, Mx should become a recognised pronoun sorry, recognised title. All GPs should be aware of trans issues. I would, I thought when junior doctors are training, they have to go through all sorts of, all the types of healthcare it seems that trans healthcare is left out. GPs should be trained and nurses or any medical professionals should be trained, even a receptionist should be trained. I don’t, I can’t remember if that’s everything, but yeah, I think and also the spouse thing where somebody’s spouse has to consent. I mean, there could be people who were like estranged from their partner, but are going through the process of a divorce and the spouse may not consent for all sorts of reasons and like it’s not the spouse’s business and then they don’t have control over that person’s body. And, and that’s also outdated from when same-sex marriage was illegal, wasn’t legal. There needs to be a lot of improvement.

Better communication and inclusive language

People said that there’s a need for health services and professionals to talk in a way that respects and includes young trans and gender diverse people. One example is not to ask very personal questions. Summer felt that healthcare professionals should ‘stop asking [trans people] about our sex lives’. Rahul agreed and said, ‘every time you have a GP appointment with a trans person, you really don’t have to ask them about their genitals every single time – like it’s possible to go through an appointment without talking about people’s genitals.’

 

Erion says trans healthcare processes should be changed and be made more inclusive and suggests ways health care professionals can support their trans patient.

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Erion says trans healthcare processes should be changed and be made more inclusive and suggests ways health care professionals can support their trans patient.

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Just generally more inclusive, I think is the thing. I think there needs to be more consistent training for especially for trans inclusivity and so you know, recognising you know, say if somebody has changed their name, but their like gender marker is different. Having that, being able to like talk to someone in a way that isn't isolating, isn't sort of humiliating and being like, hey, you know, is the name that's on your record the name that you are using or what pronouns you wanna use? And I think that's like really should be normalised across the board really is just like being able to ask people things like that or at least having people that are, you know, supportive and who are allies and know the correct way to deal with this and it just doesn't seem like there is enough there to give people that education. I think they get strung up in quite a lot of it, oh it's always been this way, it's always you know, we've always done it like this. And it's like, well, maybe you should change it and be more inclusive. Because if you are going through med school and you are going through even as, you know, receptionist or even as, you know, an assistant in whatever field you're in. Like if your only exposure to a trans person is a patient for the first time ever or you know, the media like that's like, how are you supposed to give adequate care if you barely know what's going on? It's the same thing that applies to a variety of like the protected characteristics groups anyway. Like especially for trans healthcare. It's like just learn how to be polite and inclusive and even just like you know, learning the basics of what the journey is for a person or you know, like learning just like the little things or like you know, if you have to do a physical exam on AFAB when they're binding like what's the safest way to approach that or how to be like, hey I notice you are binding, are you doing that safely or you know, even just saying, hey, I just need to get like just up underneath that and how do you want me to go about doing that? What's comfortable for you in a way that doesn't still invalidate their. It's probably about the most important thing, just how to be respectful. Ugh, gosh. It's such an awful thing to say. Just respect people, it’s all I want.

Young people told us they want better communication in trans healthcare, including the use of language that includes all identities. Max wanted healthcare professionals to be ‘more transparent’ with patients. Beth wants healthcare services to ‘use neutral language when possible.’ They said ‘I would like to not have to list my birth sex on files and forms and things’. They gave the suggestion of having ‘a form that says, “Do you have x body part?” so that they can then treat me accordingly, rather than it being about what they think a man is, and what they think a woman is.’

 

Cassie wants to see sexual healthcare services for trans people to use more inclusive language.

Cassie wants to see sexual healthcare services for trans people to use more inclusive language.

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It’s an uncomfortable thing. Most trans people that I know have an ambivalent at best relationship, like binary trans people at the least have an ambivalent at best relationship with their genitals. So, you know, going to the sexual health clinic is not fun, ever for anyone. Whatever can be done to normalise and explain the decisions that’s been made and why things are structured the way they are structured. And again like, I don't know, part of me sometimes feels like, oh no are we asking too much, but like, is it too much to be asking that non-gendered language be used? Use they use like, you know, and again, I know people sort of well TERFs (Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminist)* in particular get up in arms about people with vaginas but just like, you know, biological female. Like, you know, that’s something. Though not necessarily a woman. You know, I don't know. Like, again, do I have the answers for this? No. I know what I’d like. But like do I think that would necessarily be acceptable to a cis majority population, no. Do I think ultimately, you know, it’s always a balance between what we’re going to be able to demand for ourselves and what we’re not going to be accepted for asking for, sometimes. Maybe it’s a bit pessimistic.

 

 

*See here for an introduction Pearce, R., Erikainen, S. and Vincent, B., (2020). TERF wars: An introduction. The Sociological Review, 68(4), pp.677-698.

Others talked about wishing that clinicians would listen well and ask thoughtful questions. These young people wanted respectful discussions where they and their doctor could agree together what should happen. G said, ‘I want to go to a clinic and sit in a little waiting room with a cup of tea and then I want to talk to a couple of clinicians who ask me a bunch of genuinely insightful questions about what I want. Then talk to me about my questions surrounding health. Then we come up with a health care plan that we stick to.’

 

Safia says ‘healthcare service need to depathologise’ and move away from ‘putting people into boxes’.

Safia says ‘healthcare service need to depathologise’ and move away from ‘putting people into boxes’.

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I think it would be really nice to see like changes from like pretty much like the beginning of the process of like you go to your GP, the form is inclusive, people are trained to use inclusive language, you know you don’t need to have a title if you don’t want to, but if you do that’s like a Mx option. And I think just… I think healthcare services as a whole really need to like de-pathologize , there needs to be like moving away from, again putting people into boxes, and thinking you know well there’s cis male, cis female, and here are the issues that they have, because it impacts everybody right, it impacts so much in terms of like what healthcare is provided, what services are offered, what problems are considered, you know. You hear all the time people with like uteruses, and wombs and stuff like that, like always their health, you know is often very problems are dismissed and problems aren’t identified where they might be, you know like with endometriosis and stuff like that, and that comes from this like really I think ingrained framework of like just ticking boxes, and just having these biases of like what, what problem might be caused by and like not being able to adapt to like the person in front of you. And I think having like trans specific healthcare services I think is really important, because I just think it’s, you know in the same way that we have like mental health services, like to have really like thoughtful, with like good training spaces for people to go where, you know, in an ideal world, you know is like people will understand what services I need to access here, and you know you could, like again in an ideal world you can trust the people in these spaces to know options for you, and for your specific needs. You know I would, yeah, I would love to see more of that in mainstream healthcare as well, and in your GP’s stuff like that. But yeah. I’m sorry, Utopian dreaming.

More resources to improve service provision

Young people suggested that healthcare for trans and gender diverse young people would improve with more money and better staff training. Jay felt ‘more invest[ment] into trans healthcare’. He worried that ‘the waiting lists are only getting longer …it has to change …something that needs to be addressed or it’s only just gonna get worse.’ Jessica said what was needed was not just ‘more staff’ but, ‘a wider range of staff… trans people who have had experience of this… working [within] [health] services and helping the next generation move forward’. PJ agreed ‘even more gender specialists would be nice’ (see Trans and gender diverse young people’s messages to healthcare professionals).

 

Theo wants ‘shorter waiting times’ and ‘a gender identity clinic in every major city’.

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Theo wants ‘shorter waiting times’ and ‘a gender identity clinic in every major city’.

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The NHS could get more money and I am pretty sure everyone wants that. I’d want there to be shorter waiting times and shorter times in between appointments and I want them to have more staff. More, be easier to contact. I’d like them to reply to their emails within 48 hours and to usually to have somebody available to answer the phone. I feel like there’s only, I wonder if there’s only like one person on the reception there because it’s going through to the answer phone so many times I would like, I would like there to be more GICs. I’d say there should be a GIC in every major city so that people don’t have to travel ridiculous distances. I would like them to be a bit more understanding of autistic people.

Funds for health services was a key problem for young people. Sophie felt that trans healthcare should be made a priority by ‘making it better funded,’ along with ‘legal changes …so that all gender identities can be recognised [in law]’. Eel said he felt more generally that ‘the NHS [in general] would be [better] supported’ if it were better funded. Patrick agreed and wanted better ‘traditional Government funding so the NHS is actually properly funded’.

 

Summer shares how she thinks trans healthcare can be improved. One way is to ‘train more clinicians’ and gender specialists.

Summer shares how she thinks trans healthcare can be improved. One way is to ‘train more clinicians’ and gender specialists.

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Well, they need to train more clinicians at the GIC. They need twice as many as they have now. Three times as many don’t just bring in two more people and don’t start to, you know, train them now for ten years in the future. Bring in a lot of people. Train them up and move to a bigger venue and just you need to be able to cope with the number of people who need this service. And like and just stop asking, stop asking us about our sex lives. Stop asking us about stuff that isn’t relevant, you know. Stop asking me about my childhood when I transitioned two years ago. Ask me about my trans, ask me about my transition, you know? Like just, do away with the, you know what also hormones have to be more readily available. A trans person should be able to go to the GP and say, I want hormones and get hormones, because it is not going to cost the NHS that much. And it is not that risky and people should be able, people know what they need, and yeah. That like greater access to hormones is a really, really big thing because that causes so much anxiety for trans people in this country. Training up more people at the GIC. More GICs. Like, yeah, why not? More greater awareness among trans like trans specialists and healthcare professionals in general about who trans people are and who non-binary people are and like, you know, what dysphoria is and what it entails.

The trans young people we spoke to also brought up staff training. Declan felt that all staff should have to take training on how to work in a way that welcomes and includes trans and gender diverse people. Rahul felt that ‘general knowledge of trans issues’ needed to be improved so that health professionals ‘know the policies and procedures in place for trans people but also like, be comfortable and confident administering them and also be confident talking to trans people’ (see Trans and gender diverse young people’s messages to healthcare professionals).

 

CJ wants to see ‘an investment’ in trans healthcare to meet increasing demand. The UK ‘ have an opportunity to be top of the field’.

CJ wants to see ‘an investment’ in trans healthcare to meet increasing demand. The UK ‘ have an opportunity to be top of the field’.

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Education. Information. Even it if means giving NHS staff, you know, like ideas of like pronouns and updating of systems and that kind of thing. I think there needs to be also a slight deviation from the NHS and like the government and legislation. I think the paperwork of one becomes so much the remit of another, so the idea that my medical transition will be held off because of a name change that I do or don’t make, when that has nothing to do with my health, is a bizarre two-step. I think doctors need support and training, particularly GP’s. I think we need more doctors, certainly more specialists, so that the waiting lists can cut down. And investment, there just needs to be an investment in, in understand that this is going to continue to be something that, that if numbers are anything to go by, it’s increasing year on year. Which means you can’t just go with how things are, and it would be great I think to see the UK take gender and things seriously. I think the thing that’s exciting I guess from a medical perspective is that they have the opportunity to be at the top of the field, for showing what it is that standardised state care could do, and how to embrace the challenges of it. It would be great to see more of that rather than the dread of, “Oh no, we’ve got to learn another thing about something that we don’t really care about.” Cos that’s a boring idea.

Decrease in waiting times

Young people felt that more resources could bring down long waiting times so people could be seen quicker (see also GIDS and GIC). PJ said, ‘In a perfect world there would be more clinics, which would then mean less wait time’. Theo wanted ‘shorter waiting times and shorter times in between appointments’. Jay also said he ‘would definitely like to see the waiting times reduced.’

The young people felt that waiting long periods of time posed a risk to trans patients’ mental health. Tyra said, ‘The healthcare system needs to stop putting people on waiting lists and leaving them in a hole, because this is when people are accessing their own hormone treatments, accessing private doctors and [only] some people can do that’. She said ‘it shouldn’t be something you have to do’.

 

Ari says ‘so many things’ need to be improved. More gender specialists to reduce waiting times and trans healthcare recognised as an individual branch of medicine.'

Ari says ‘so many things’ need to be improved. More gender specialists to reduce waiting times and trans healthcare recognised as an individual branch of medicine.'

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So many thing [laughs]. Shorter wait times at the clinics, mostly. But that would require, I mean, we need more gender specialists in general so that we can reduce the waiting times and a better funded NHS for that as well. Better informed GPs is something I’ve already mentioned. And just a slightly more tolerant society, as ridiculous as that sounds would be a relief.

Shorter waiting times. More doctors, better informed doctors and less gate keeping.

How do you think that could be done best?

[Laughs] Overhauling our entire medical system. [Laughs]. No, I think we need better incentives for doctors so that we get more doctors so better funded NHS in general as well. More gender specialists. I think that’s one of the key reasons the waiting list is so long is just because there aren’t enough doctors. And with a growing trans population they can’t meet the demand and that’s why the lists are getting longer and longer and longer.

And then maybe if we had more doctors and there was less, it was seen as something in its own right, rather than a subsidiary of well, less so for Tavistock now, but was previously a subsidiary of the mental health services when obviously transness isn’t a mental health issue. And so being able to get away from that kind of stigma and if it was kind of recognised in its own separate branch, not separate, but kind of individual branch of, of medicine and healthcare. We might also be able to get a better standard for treatment across the board.

 

Jacob says the waiting times are ‘ridiculous and disgusting’.

Jacob says the waiting times are ‘ridiculous and disgusting’.

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It's ridiculous. And it's disgusting. I understand there has to be a wait, a wait, for a while. And I understand that, you know, they can't just rush and see everyone immediately. And when you get there I understand they have to do assessments and they have to do assessments and checks to make sure you are making the right decision and stuff. But, it's too much. And I understand, the idea of the six months assessment I think is when the waiting list was so short, someone could come out as trans, get referred, a month later, they could go and talk. So, of course they do a six months assessment and then possibly another six month assessment. So that person would be forced to live as their, you know, their true gender for a certain amount of time and make sure they were comfortable with it. But now that the waiting list is two years long, by the time someone's got to the top of the list, they've already been living as their assigned gender, not their assigned, their true gender for two years and they don't need an assessment anymore, because, you know, not for more than a couple of weeks or a few questionnaires. You know, they've already been doing it for two years. I think it's, it it's too long of a wait.

 

And especially with being moved to the adult list. If you're moved off the child list, all that happens is you get moved to the bottom of the adult list. There is no separate thing. There's no, well, this adult's been waiting six months, but you've been waiting two years so you go above. It's nothing like that. It's just, sorry, bottom of the list, pretty much. Unless you've already had your assessment done in which they only move you up by about six months. I’m like, it's ridiculous. There are people who have been waiting, who will get to the top of the adult list and they've been waiting four years which is what they're trying to do for me. The NHS clinics are trying to do for me and they've been waiting four years. Some trans people aren't gonna live through four years of this or they're just not gonna make it, the stress, you know, people who already have mental health problems as well, you know, and then have this on top of them. They won't, either they won't make it or they'll develop more problems, you know, the number of trans people especially trans men who develop eating disorders because they're trying to help their body in some way, because they're, you know, desperately don't want to be viewed as, as female and they just can't wait any longer. You know, you get people self-medicating which causes health problems and they die from self-medicating and stuff and it's, the wait is horrible.

 

And you know, I think that the Tavistock especially don't understand just how awful it is to wake up every day in a body that is wrong. How awful dysphoria is. How awful it feels to be misgendered. How awful it feels to be trans when all, when you know 100% for certain all you want is your hormones. And they seem to think that, ''Oh you think that you're it's gonna magically fix your problems.'' No, we don't think it's gonna magically fix our problems. I think it's gonna magically get rid of half of my dysphoria, because I'll have the hormones and I think they don't, they don't get just how awful it is to wait that long and then just be moved. And then, you know, when you get there and it's a six months assessment, it's ridiculous. They need to take into account that now the wait is a very long time and therefore when people get there, suddenly going through ''We're gonna do a six months assessment and are you sure you want hormones?'' All of that is just, it's offensive that they do that when you get there, so.

M says there is a need to, ‘prioritise trans healthcare but not prioritise it above anything else because it’s a service that should be accessed as much as any other service…and it just means that NHS needs a whole lot more funding.’ Other participants felt that there should be an optional fast track service for those who have mental health problems or need hormones.

Better mental health provision

Reuben said he’d ‘love for there to just be a huge injection of money into trans healthcare’ that focusses specifically on mental health. Jay agreed and said, ‘I definitely think there should be access to counsellors who are specialised in dealing with [trans and gender non-conforming] people because it takes a toll on people mentally’. Alistair thought ‘everyone on a waiting list should have access to regular counselling’ (see Trans and gender diverse young people’s experiences of counselling and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS)).

 

Bay says ‘Improve the mental health support for young people waiting for their first GIC appointment’.

Bay says ‘Improve the mental health support for young people waiting for their first GIC appointment’.

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Big one for me is I think the lack of support. You know I don’t see the GIC as somewhere that should be just as assessment-based place, that your only interaction with them is being assessed. Support prior to you know, there’s a huge waiting list for the GIC’s, I get that, they can only see people as quickly as they can see people on limited resources, a hundred percent understand that, but the fact that there is nothing between that point of referral and the point of, and the point of getting to that first appointment really, really does worry me. You know you think, the, you know the vulnerable positions that a lot of people are going to be in, the mental health implications of that are huge. Yeah, I just feel like there’s a, there’s a lack of a space to discuss things with anyone. You know you sort of go to the GP and have to, feel like you have to be in a position where you’re sure enough to convince them to refer you, and then the next person you interact with is the one who’s assessing you to decide whether you can have hormone treatment or not. Or whatever it is you’ve gone there to, to access. Nowhere in the middle is there anyone to, to, where it feels like you can have an actual discussion with, and work things through. And for me I feel like I’ve only had that through going and seeking private counselling to find that space. So, it, in the healthcare setup as it is now, I do feel that is lacking.

 

Finn feels that mental health services for young people in general need more funding.

Finn feels that mental health services for young people in general need more funding.

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I have no bitterness towards the NHS or professionals, because it’s under a lot of strain and it’s a bit annoying when you get referred to Tavistock or the other closest gender clinic or wherever that may be or CAMHS even and the waiting list is like a very long time. I think Tavistock I find still on the waiting list. I still have about fifteen months which is, I think by that time I might be eighteen, I’m not 100% sure, but I might be eighteen by that point. I might just take my name off Tavistock actually, because I think I’d be like holding up dead space on that list. It’ll be quicker to refer myself as an adult, but. It’s just, I think, as a whole, mental health needs a bit more like funding support for young people needs funding, ‘cos it’s not just trans people. Like, if you get better support for people who are struggling and unable to cope healthily, that will help general mental health. I know it’s not like mental health trans like it’s not like they go hand in hand, because as much as they’re very closely linked, just because you improve one doesn't mean you’re necessarily improve the other like you can give someone a million and one healthy coping mechanisms and they will still feel terrible gender dysphoria from time to time or they’ll still feel incredibly like unhappy with their life. If you give more support to people and give them spaces to talk about it, because to be quite frank not everyone finds it enjoyable when the school has mental health days and tells them, hey, are we gonna talk about our issues. Not everyone enjoys that, but if you give them the spaces to reach out then I think it would be a lot better.

PJ suggested ‘more psychological support for trans young people because [the] only trans related mental health support you get is with the doctors at the [gender identity] clinic, and you’re [not there] very much’. Ezio said, ‘It would be nicer if there were more gender [identity] counsellors’. He felt that the counsellors he’s seen so far have ‘no experience in what [they’re] talking about’. Tyra said, ‘The healthcare system needs to focus on mental health…. Like even if it’s just whilst you’re on the waiting list for three years, here’s a service you can access with other like-minded trans people, with other trans people.

 

H talks about the lack of provision of surgeons capable of performing top surgery and the impact this is having.

H talks about the lack of provision of surgeons capable of performing top surgery and the impact this is having.

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So this is something that of course I am so passionate about. Just due to my awful, terrible experience and the fact that I'm still, I'm still going through this at this stage and I feel like I'm not able to live my full life yet until you know this final thing has been done for me. So it's a case of I know that with any luck I may be complete by 35. But imagine, imagine spending 35 or 36 years of your life miserable not being able to actually live it. Like it just is it's absolutely bizarre, so bizarre. And you know I can't understand why it takes so long for you know for people to get the treatment that they need. I mean even covid, I mean covid has slowed things down for a lot of people but there are things that can be done in order to keep the service moving. Like there's things like some of the consultations that you have, that can easily be done over zoom etc. So I don't understand why they're not making any efforts to find any sort of workaround the things. The truth is just because they generally do not care. They do not give a shit and it needs to change. It has to change because it's not humane to make people continue on like this. Like the recent fuckup with the bottom surgery now. There's people who are half done so imagine, imagine you've gone through years of all of this and you know you’ve decided to get the bottom surgery but you're half done, your genitals are half done. You're going around for years with half done. When I'd say half done, you've got like what a phallus and you've got no balls, you just got a phallus that you can't use and some people they can't even wee out of it. Some people can, some people can't, it’s a case of they’re walking around like that. Like imagine the impact on that person's mental health to obviously they was already waiting years to get to the next stage and then all of a sudden now finding out there's absolutely no surgeons in this country that can actually do the rest of their stages that they need. And then they have no idea when they going to sort it out. They actually told us, July this year, they were meant to find a new provider. Still not done, we’re in December. So it's a case of, imagine the mental health of these people, imagine just little things that you want to do so much as, you want to date someone or whatever. Now imagine having to every single time explain why you are half done. Like I don't understand how people can be left like this, it's not right. It's not right and it needs to be improved because it's, the thing is this is something that I am so passionate about it's hard for me to find the words because it really angers me as well. Because this is people's lives, like people's lives that are not being able to be lived just because other people in charge do not care. 

 

Charke wants ‘a major overhaul of CAMHS’ and supporting the mental health of trans people.

Charke wants ‘a major overhaul of CAMHS’ and supporting the mental health of trans people.

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I think the biggest thing that needs to change is the Tavistock and it is difficult to even confront that because it feels like it needs such a major overhaul that it feels almost impossible to change it. You know, I’ve listed previously what I’d like to see changed about phone calls instead of meetings and all that but I think that is certainly part of it, the Tavistock shorter waiting times easier accessibility to blockers less of a focus on trans medicalism and more of a focus on there being medical aspects to transition for some people but not all people and acceptance on the validity of maybe not wanting that medical transition so much and maybe being happy just with social transition. But certainly the Tavistock I think just needs a major overhaul and CAMHS is the best, I think the best it can be I think they struggle because they’re under resourced and I’m sure the Tavistock is to an extent but I still think that even within how the Tavistock’s working right now it could do better with its resources so really yeah and overall, an overhaul of the Tavistock in all the ways that I mentioned before would be great to see.

 

Henry wants to see an affirmative trans healthcare service that prioritises trans people’s mental health.

Henry wants to see an affirmative trans healthcare service that prioritises trans people’s mental health.

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I would like to see general practitioners and general services become more practically affirming of trans people, and by practically affirming, I mean not just saying, not just doing the bare minimum, not just saying, “I support you, I think what you’re doing is great,” but actually training themselves to have the knowledge to support people, support trans people to not have to co-ordinate their own care, and to not have to explain to the professionals and educate the professionals themselves. I guess I would love for the onus to not, and the pressure to not be on trans people to educate their own healthcare professionals. That’s how I’d like to see it change.

 

And I know that that has to start, that has to start with the education, and that has to start with trans people. So, you know I know that that has to start somewhere, but I don’t think it has to happen in a clinic room. I think that I’d like to see healthcare professionals and healthcare systems as a whole adopting a willingness to be educated in a, in more formal settings.

And I think it’s right that trans people lead the way on that, but then we need to, we need to be putting ourselves forward and not feel pressured into having do, having to do that if that makes sense? If that distinction makes sense.

 

I would obviously as I don’t think there’s a single trans person who is okay with the fact that the waiting lists are four years long right now. So, I would love to see those change, and obviously that comes with greater funding for support for gender specific, gender clinics essentially, and gender specific healthcare, that’s probably asking a bit too much. But then again is it? I don’t know. I don’t think it is.

 

And I would love to see projects like this, I mean this, a project essentially and this research is, I think an excellent example of how we change the, how we change the culture of healthcare, and how we change, how trans, how we as trans people interact with healthcare, cos whilst I’d hope that this educates trans young people like you said, and just trans people like me in general, cos I’d love to get so much out of the stuff that you’re gonna produce. I would like to hope that maybe healthcare professionals also are able to access this, because ultimately I feel like this is the level that they need, and that’s, maybe this isn’t the right format but it’s these kinds of things that they need to know about, that they don’t.

 

Mental health services in particular as well. Cos I a big kind of bug bear about that and a big, a big passion about that. Trying to think if there’s anything else really. Certainly regarding kids, I think, you know the service that my, that the CAMHS service that I work for has a, the GD pathway, gender dysphoria pathway, is a great example of how services can support trans kids and trans young people, and trans people in general, you know if, if the community mental health team in adults mental health services had the same kind of support group, that in itself could be transformational for, for trans people, it doesn’t have to be for young people. So those are the sorts of spaces I’d like to see as well, that promote people’s mental health. So, I hope it’s not too much to ask is it, all of that? I don’t know. Those are the things that I’d love to see, and able to see improvements there.

Better access to healthcare

People said they wanted to be able to access healthcare more easily. In particular young people felt that they should not have to rely on private healthcare to get the treatment they need. Patrick wanted trans healthcare to be ‘much more inclusive and accessible’ and to break down the ‘unnecessary barriers’. Similarly, PJ wanted ‘better accessibility to treatment and more affordable treatment for people who can’t get private hormones because it’s too expensive.’

When talking about better access to healthcare, young people also wanted better services for non-binary trans patients. A wanted to see NHS gender identity clinics be ‘a lot more non-binary friendly’ and ‘a lot more welcoming.’ They said ‘there’s this kind of feeling among trans patients that you can’t say the wrong thing because otherwise they’ll take that as a sign that you’re not really trans’.

 

Sally says trans healthcare ‘needs to actually function, and it doesn’t’.

Sally says trans healthcare ‘needs to actually function, and it doesn’t’.

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Yeah, I think the thing that, there needs to be people that are experts and are going to show that expertise, I can’t be the expert in my own healthcare. That’s not always the best situation. I mean sometimes it’s a good thing but it’s like more often than not I need people that know something, at least know something. And I can see on a regular basis. I don’t know, I think that it just needs to be, well it needs to be more with it, I guess. Honestly, I don’t know. Like I think for me if I had seen them on like, a less, if there was less of a wait time and they were closer, that service would have been fine. It still wouldn’t have been like the best thing ever, but it would have been fine, it wouldn’t have been like the kind of mess it is now. I think it’s all just you know, it just needs to be like accessible at some point. It’s nothing really, that’s the first thing that needs to happen before anything else, and I don’t know, I don’t see the point of like tinkering around the edges when you’ve got that huge gaping failure. It just doesn’t matter. It just, it doesn’t matter like you can, like I don’t care, and I guess this is very like, the way it is to me is kind of a very classical transsexual, but it’s like you can’t really change language, you can’t really change like, at some points it needs to be there, it needs to actually function. And it doesn’t.

 

M said trans healthcare should be ‘free, fair and equal’ and ‘the ways that we think about trans people needs to transform’.

M said trans healthcare should be ‘free, fair and equal’ and ‘the ways that we think about trans people needs to transform’.

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How would you like to see healthcare services change in the future?

 

For them to be actually free fair and equal. To prioritise Trans health but like prioritise Trans healthcare but not prioritise it above anything else because it’s an, it’s a service that should be accessed as much as any other service should be able to be accessed and it just means that NHS needs a whole lot more funding and the ways that we think about Trans people needs to transform it needs to change and the longest you should wait is like a couple of weeks before you like, the process needs to just, the process is built on a basis of like transphobia, it’s built on a basis that like Trans people don’t know themselves, that we need however X amount of time before we can truly decide like once we’ve actually, it’s just built on like a very harmful and toxic structure and so just, for that to just be completely overhauled and just make services accessible to whoever needs them.

 

H says ‘the amount of waiting is absolutely ridiculous. He says ‘we need trans people in powerful positions because this can’t continue the way it is’

H says ‘the amount of waiting is absolutely ridiculous. He says ‘we need trans people in powerful positions because this can’t continue the way it is’

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And The amount of waiting is absolutely ridiculous. No other sector has to wait this long for anything, just to be seen. And on top of it they don't provide any mental health care. I don't know how that’s, I don't know how that's been allowed. It needs to change, it needs to improve. We need to have more gender clinics, we need to have more people trained in this. We need to have people who are trained that are actually passionate about this, that want to help, want to be there. Because the people are there right now they don't want to be there they don't care, they don't care about us, they don't want to be there. We need people who want to be there, we need trans people in these positions, we need trans people in powerful positions because this cannot continue the way it is. Like how is it that I have to wait until I'm late 30s may even 40 to live my life. Like it's very distressing, the fact I have to now go on for god knows how long like this. Obviously I've, you know I've masculinised, I've had my top surgery. Now obviously my issue is, I have to always explain myself to, you know when it comes to say dating or whatever, I have to explain myself. Or even just to use, just go to the toilet sometimes like obviously there's that luxury of when you’re a guy and you've got a penis like you can just wee anywhere, that convenience. Then it’s like, people like “oh just do that” don’t have to explain it. Why do I have to explain that? It needs to improve there's too many people who are not living their best life because of this and they need to get mental health people who are trained socially in this to help us while we wait. Because that's the least, that's the bare minimum that can be done to help while we're waiting for this stupid amount of time. But you know I have every hope that the more that I get involved with focus groups, with things like this, I just hope that you know there's that change, that change will come in slowly but surely. When more people start talking about it, when trans people start becoming influencers, when trans people start appearing on reality TV shows. All these things like that I do have the hope that these things will change for us but obviously we just have to be strong and hold on. But you know, the NHS they really need to buck up their ideas because the thing obviously that's personal to me at the moment is the bottom surgery. And I don't see why they can't give us the option to go abroad while they're waiting to get a new vendor because this is not a service. I'm a hard-working ciizen, I pay my taxes, I'm entitled to the treatment I need, just like every other person that walks into an NHS hospital etc. It's just wrong that you know that we're been denied that one thing that you know we're supposed to have. That sort of you know, is a human right, we're getting denied that you know. Just a good quality life that is literally it. So I just hope that you know someone out there can hear our experiences and have a bit of compassion and speak to those people in power and get this done for us because this, it can't continue like this, it can't.

See:

Trans and gender diverse young people’s experiences of private healthcare 

Trans and gender diverse young people’s experiences of mental health 

Trans and gender diverse young people’s experiences of the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS)

Trans and gender diverse young people’s experience of Gender Identity Clinics (GIC) 

Trans and gender diverse young people’s messages to healthcare professionals 

*The informed consent model for trans healthcare “allows for clients who are transgender to access hormone treatments and surgical interventions without undergoing mental health evaluation or referral from a mental health specialist” (Shulz, 2018, p. 72).

“This approach to transgender health care

a) promotes a departure from the use of the diagnosis of gender dysphoria as a prerequisite for accessing transition services and

(b) attempts to impact the way that trans-gender individuals experience and access health care by removing the psycho-therapy/gatekeeping requirement.

Instead of a mental health practitioner assessing eligibility for and granting access to services, transgender patients themselves are able to decide on whether they are ready to access transition-related health services.

In this model, the role of the health practitioner is to provide transgender patients with information about risks, side effects, bene-fits, and possible consequences of undergoing gender confirming care, and to obtain informed consent from the patient” (Shulz, 2018, p. 83).

Schulz, S.L., 2018. The informed consent model of transgender care: an alternative to the diagnosis of gender dysphoria. Journal of humanistic psychology58(1), pp.72-92.

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